Standard 8th Subject science chapter number 1 living world and classification of microbes

 

 biodiversity and need of classification

 According to the 2011 census, around 87 million species Living  organisms are found on the earth- including land and sea.

 group and subgroups were created considering the similarities among the  living organism

this process of dividing living organisms into to group and subgroup is called biological classification

 in history……….

 

•  carl linnaeus in 1735 DividedLiving world in  2 Kingdom-vegetabilia  and animalia

• Haeckel in 1866 considered 3 kingdoms- Protista, plant and animal

• In 1925,chatton created to group  prokaryotes and Eukaryotic

•  in 1938 kopland divided living  organisms into 4 Kingdoms- Monera, Protista, plants and animal

 Robert harding whittaker( 1920- 1980)  was  an American  ecologies. in 1969 he divided living  organisms into five groups 

 classification whittaker consider following 5 criteria

1. Complexity of cell structure- prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

2. complexity organism- unicellular and multicellular

3. mode of nutrition-

•  plants- autotrophic -Photosynthesis

•  fungi-  saprophytic- absorption  from dead organisms.

•  animal- heterotrophic and  ingestive .

4.Lifestyle-

 plants- producers

 animal- consumers

 fungus- Decomposers

5. Phylogenetic relationship- 

Prokaryotic to Eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular